维也纳爱乐乐团 Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra
再没有哪支乐团像维也纳爱乐乐团这样,能够将欧洲古典音乐的历史和传统紧密连接。在过去的176年里,维也纳爱乐乐团经历着、同时也在改变着世界范围内的音乐历史。直至今日,大量带着“维也纳之声”印记的优秀独奏家和指挥家不断涌现,使得这支乐团脱颖而出。

当初乐团成立的初衷是希望组建一支能够演奏维也纳最高水准作曲家作品的乐团,特别是贝多芬的作品,这也为乐团之后的成功奠定了基础。这一艺术理想最终被怀着热情和决心的维亚纳宫廷歌剧管弦乐团的音乐家们实现了。1842年,他们决心在歌剧院独立举办“爱乐音乐会”,并成立一个艺术和经济独立的组织。这促成一个基于民主原则的机制,音乐家们对于决策性的环节有着决策权。

乐团创始人之一——作曲家和指挥家奥托•尼古拉曾留下名言——“最优秀的人才用最佳的方式演绎最好的作品。”这句话透露出乐团一直以来坚守的高标准,也道出了乐团深受杰出作曲家和指挥家以及全球观众青睐的秘密。乐团用心保持纯粹的音乐风格,小心严谨地代代相传,是以创新的方式秉承传统的体现。

维也纳爱乐乐团和维也纳国立歌剧院管弦乐团之间的奇妙关系,也是造就乐团独一无二声音的奥秘之一。乐团的创立原则之一是只有歌剧院管弦乐团的成员才能加入维也纳爱乐乐团。音乐家们需在两个乐团表演,直到今天,每个预备成员首先要参加维也纳国立歌剧院管弦乐团的面试,只有经过三年的等候期才能成为正式成员。

这种民主性机制的另一个独特之处在于,乐团可以自行独立组织音乐会、选择曲目或是聘用指挥家和独奏家。1860年,套票音乐会的形式出现,一位指挥家可以被雇用一整个乐季。这些音乐会建立了坚实的艺术和经济基础,直到今天这种形式依然被保留。1933年起,乐团采用了客座指挥的系统,得以与每一代最杰出的指挥家建立了广泛的艺术交流。

自1870年以来,维也纳金色大厅以其独特的美学和声学特质,被印证为维也纳交响乐团的理想表演之地。1900年在古斯塔夫•马勒执棒下的巴黎之行是乐团的首次国外巡演。1922年也是值得纪念的一年,见证了乐团在萨尔兹堡音乐节的首次亮相,以及在南美的首次海外巡演。这标志着乐团开启活跃的巡演里程,其足迹踏遍了世界各大洲,近期行程包括德国、日本、美国、中国。

维也纳爱乐乐团的使命是把音乐中的人道主义传达给听众,并带入他们的日常生活和观念中。从最初起,乐团就建立了强烈的社会意识。直到今天,乐团每年都会为残疾人士和自然灾害受害者设立福利音乐会和帮扶计划。自1999年起,乐团每年都将新年音乐会募得的筹款捐献给人道主义组织。2011年为了应援日本海啸,维也纳爱乐乐团与三得利音乐厅建立援助基金。

在维也纳和全世界上演的音乐会中,维也纳爱乐乐团并不只是奥地利顶尖文化输出。乐团的音乐家们更是传达和平主意和人道理念的信使,这些都表达在他们的音乐中。乐团经常在具有历史意义的场地和充满争议和冲突的政治历史中上演的音乐会,比如2000年在毛特豪森集中营举办的纪念音乐会、2014年一战爆发纪念音乐会、2018年凡尔赛宫一战结束纪念音乐会。

保留乐团的音乐遗产不仅是“敬仰灰烬”而应该是“传递火炬”(古斯塔夫·马勒),怀着这样的信念,音乐与当今社会和未来的关联成了关键问题。不管是在维也纳还是在巡演期间,乐团都向年轻观众开放观看彩排,并且通过教育项目向年轻一代展示音乐的丰富性,鼓励他们创新。

乐团曾获得过数不胜数的各类大奖。自2008年起,劳力士成为了乐团的独家赞助商。

维也纳爱乐乐团每年在维也纳举办约40场音乐会,其中新年音乐会和夏夜美泉宫音乐会在各大国家和世界范围内同步直播。乐团每年还会进驻萨尔兹堡音乐节,每年国际巡演期间都会上演超过50场音乐会。所有这些活动提升了维也纳爱乐乐团作为全球最顶级乐团之一的声望。


There is perhaps no other musical ensemble more closely associated with the history and tradition of European classical music than the Vienna Philharmonic. In the course of the past 176 years, this orchestra has experienced and influenced the course of musical history around the world. Even to this day, prominent soloists and conductors refer to the unique “Viennese Sound” as the outstanding quality that sets it apart from other orchestras.

This success story had its origins in the desire to found a symphony orchestra dedicated to the ideal of performing at the highest level the symphonies of the Viennese classical composers, particularly Ludwig van Beethoven. This artistic goal could only be implemented through the enthusiastic affirmation of the musicians of the Vienna Court Opera Orchestra, who in 1842 made the decision to present “Philharmonic Concerts”, independently of their duties at the opera theater and within a framework of complete artistic and entrepreneurial autonomy. This produced a structure base on democratic principles in which all aspects of the decision-making process rest in the hands of the musicians themselves.

One of the founding fathers was composer and conductor Otto Nicolai, to whom the maxim is attributed, “to perform the best repertoire, with the best personnel, in the best possible manner.” The high quality standards implied in this statement, to which the orchestra remains obligated to this day, serves to explain the fascination that the orchestra has held from the beginning for prominent composers and conductors, as well as for audiences all over the world. The orchestra’s conscious maintenance of a homogenous musical style, carefully bequeathed from one generation to the next, is an expression of its striving to uphold tradition in an innovative manner.

The inimitability of the orchestra’s sound is also based on the singular relationship between the Vienna Philharmonic and the Vienna State Opera Orchestra. One of the orchestra’s founding principles is that only a musician from the opera orchestra can become a member of the Vienna Philharmonic. The musicians are required to perform in both orchestras, and to this day, every future Philharmonic musician begins his or her career with an audition for the Vienna State Opera Orchestra and only after a three-year waiting period becomes eligible for full membership in the Vienna Philharmonic.

Another unique feature of this democratic structure is that the orchestra itself is solely responsible for the organization of concerts and the selection of repertoire, as well as the engaging of conductors and soloists. In 1860, the Subscription Concert Series was introduced, for which one conductor was engaged for an entire season. These concerts formed a solid artistic and economic basis that remains in place to this day. Beginning in 1933, the orchestra adapted a system of guest conductors, which promotes a wide spectrum of artistic encounters with the most prominent conductors of each generation.

Since 1870, the Golden Hall of the Musikverein in Vienna, with its unique aesthetic and acoustical characteristics, has proven to be ideal venue for Vienna Philharmonic concerts. The orchestra’s first foreign tour took place in 1900 with a concert tour to Paris under the baton of Gustav Mahler. Another memorable year was 1922, which saw not only the orchestra’s first participation at the Salzburg Festival, but also the first overseas tour to South America. This marked the beginning of an active touring schedule which has taken the orchestra to all continents on the globe and in recent years has included regularly scheduled concerts in Germany, Japan, the USA and, in the future, China.

The Vienna Philharmonic has made it its mission to communicate the humanitarian message of music into the daily lives and consciousness of its listeners. From the beginning, the orchestra has displayed a strong social consciousness, characterized by a commitment to individuals in need and the fostering of young musicians. To this day, the orchestra annually performs numerous benefit concerts and develops initiatives for the disadvantaged and the victims of natural catastrophes. Since 1999, an annual donation from the proceeds from the New Year’s Concert has gone to diverse humanitarian organizations. In response to the Tsunami catastrophe in 2011, the Vienna Philharmonic and Suntory Music Aid Fund was founded.

In concerts in Vienna and around the world, the Vienna Philharmonic is much more than Austria’s top cultural export. The musicians serve as messengers who in their performances express the ideals of peace, humanity and reconciliation, which are so deeply entwined with the message of music. This includes performing concerts in locations of historical significance as well as controversial and painful flashpoints in political history. These include such events as the memorial concert at the former concentration camp at Mauthausen in 2000 as well as the Concert in Sarajevo in 2014 in commemoration of the outbreak of World War I and the Concert for peace in Versailles in 2018 in remembrance of the end of World War I.

Borne by the conviction that the upholding of the orchestra’s musical legacy is not a matter of “worshipping the ashes” but rather “passing on the torch” (Gustav Mahler), the question of the relevance of music in today’s society, as well as for future generations, is of central importance. This is also evident in the orchestra’s work with young people. In Vienna as well as on tour, the Philharmonic opens its rehearsals for young listeners and is involved in educational projects to expose younger generations to the richness of music and encourage them in their own creativity.

The orchestra has been the recipient of numerous prized and awards. Since 2008, it has been supported by its exclusive sponsor ROLEX.

The Vienna Philharmonic performs approximately 40 concerts in Vienna annually, among them the New Year’s Concert and the Summer Night Concert Schönbrunn, which are broadcast in numerous countries around the world. The orchestra also has an annual summer residency at the Salzburg Festival and performs more than 50 concerts a year on its international tours. All of these activities underscore the reputation of the Vienna Philharmonic as one of the world’s finest orchestras.
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